![]() IBM employees have earned five Nobel Prizes, four Turing Awards, five National Medals of Technology, and five National Medals of Science. The company has scientists, engineers, consultants, and sales professionals in over 175 countries. based technology company and has twelve research laboratories worldwide. With over 400,000 employees worldwide as of 2014, IBM holds more patents than any other U.S. ![]() Clone makers undersold IBM, while the profits went to chip manufacturers like Intel or software corporations like Microsoft.Īfter a series of reorganizations, IBM remains one of the world's largest computer companies and systems integrators. IBM introduced a Unix line and a line of personal computers. ![]() Desktop machines and Unix midrange computers had the power needed and were easier and less expensive for both users and managers than multi-million-dollar mainframes. IBM struggled in the late 1980s to 1990s – losses in 1993 exceeded $8 billion – as the mainframe corporation failed to adjust quickly enough to the Unix open systems and personal computer revolutions. Brushing off clone makers (aka plug-compatible hardware systems), such as Amdahl, and facing down a federal anti-trust suit, the company sold reputation and security as well as hardware and system software and was one of the most admired American corporations of the 1970s and 1980s. IBM offered a full range of hardware, software, and service agreements, so that users, as their needs grew, would stay with IBM (aka "Big Blue.") Since most end-user software was custom-written by in-house programmers and would run on only one brand of computers, it was expensive to switch brands. Its breakthrough came in the 1960s with its System/360 family of mainframe computers. IBM's first experiments with computers in the 1940s and 1950s were modest advances on the card-based system. Watson was a salesman whose goal was to build a highly motivated, very well paid sales force that could craft solutions for clients unfamiliar with the latest technology. In 1924, the company changed its name to "International Business Machines." IBM expanded into electric typewriters and other office machines. Watson (1874–1956) joined the company in 1914 as General Manager, and became its president in 1915. In 1911, these companies were amalgamated into the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR). IBM originated from the unification of several companies that worked to automate routine business transactions, including the first companies to build punched card-based data tabulating machines and build time clocks. International Business Machines (IBM) is a multinational computer technology and information technology consulting corporation headquartered in Armonk, New York, United States. ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) ( March 2021) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) See Wikipedia's guide to writing better articles for suggestions. This article's tone or style may not reflect the encyclopedic tone used on Wikipedia.
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